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Evolution of Aesthetic Medicine and its Implications on...

Throughout this century, the term natural beauty has taken a wide variety of definitions. Aesthetic treatments are rapidly becoming socially sought after in large urbanized communities, and this craze is rapidly progressing towards a flawless sales tactic for all cosmetic surgeons and media alike—proclaiming that one should invest in themselves. What was once seen as treatment for individuals in dire need is now evolving into a marketable service rendered to those with the means to obtain it. It is clear that demand for aesthetic surgery has skyrocketed in recent years, an increase caused by modern marketing tactics, technological development, as well as the modern idea of individualism and self-expression through artificial body†¦show more content†¦One patient was satisfied with the results, but the other was unsure she wanted to undergo the procedure in the first place. This falls into the human understanding of using stereotypes in order to organize social worlds (Anonymous 2008). Some individuals still have a clouded perception on their motives for undergoing such procedures, and it is not until the damage has been done that feelings of regret occur. Media has created a massive social cult for several years by creating what is seen as the ideal physique, encouraging astray individuals to take extreme measures in order to conform. Another significant factor towards the recent increase of cosmetic surgery procedures is attributed to major technological advancements in recent years. Modern advances in technology have significantly decreased pain level as well as post-operation complications. Cosmetic surgeons are also widely available and offer competitive rates in many urban centers. The repackaging of cosmetic surgery as a business has also allowed for surgeons to advertise, which only adds to a consumer’s temptation. This allows clinics to offer financing and other methods of payment, significantly increasing the accessibility to such services. 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Renewable Energy Needs To Be Implemented Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(36) " hence ensuing in energy nest eggs\." The emerging scientific consensus is that we have little more than a decennary to brace planetary temperatures and forestall a rise of more thanA 2 °C ( compared to pre-industrial degrees ) in order to avoid ruinous and irreversible clime alteration ( UNFCCC 2009 ) . Fossil fuel-based energy – such as coal, crude oil and natural gas – is known to be the biggest cause of the clime alteration as it produces nursery gas emanations in the ambiance ( IPCC 2007 ) . Consequently, alternate beginnings of energy power with low C emanations are important to forestall worse effects of clime alteration. We will write a custom essay sample on Renewable Energy Needs To Be Implemented Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several deductions are frequently attributed to fossil-fuel energy: environment debasement, wellness impacts, political struggles related to energy security, economic dependence for those states whose chief fiscal activity derives from the commercialization of oil or gas and mutuality on foreign energy, supply dazes. All these factors have made policy shapers, in developed and developing states, aware of the demand for a more diversified energy mix ( UNCTAD 2010, p.1 ) . However ; any option will non be free of deductions. All engineerings have impacts. In general, nevertheless, the deductions of the renewable engineerings are much smaller and more local than the normally big and planetary impacts of conventional energy engineerings. Alternative energy engineering refers to any beginning of energy intended to restrict or replace an environmentally harmful signifier of energy ( UNCTAD 2010 ) . These include renewables, such as air current, geothermic, solar, H2O, and biomass. Harmonizing to theA United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) ( 2010, p.5 ) some of these are quickly going conventional beginnings of energy. At present, the low degree of technological development and high costs associated with most of them limit the extent to which they can be integrated into the planetary energy matrix on a important graduated table. However, states such as the United Kingdom and Brazil have proved leaders in the development of of import energy engineerings, accordingly heightening chances by diversifying the state ‘s energy mix with a low C option. This essay will discourse critically the societal, economic and political deductions of a social response to climate alteration based around non-fossil fuel energy engineering utilizing two different instances as illustrations: the air current energy used in the UnitedA Kingdom and sugar cane used in ethyl alcohol and cogeneration production in Brazil. Although the two states have air current and biomass as portion of their energy mix, this essay does non mean to compare both energy engineerings. Alternatively, it will foreground the strengths and failings of each alternate energy. Since the UK must cut down 34 % of its nursery gas emanations by 2020, harmonizing to 1990 degrees ( HM Treasury 2010 ) , the authorities has decided to increase the entire sum of renewable energy used in the UK, lifting from a low base of 2 % today to 15 % by 2020 ( RenewableUK 2010, p.9 ) . To accomplish this, weave energy will play a important function in the energy mix, lending approximatelyA 30GW by 2020 ( Ibid p. 9 ) . The UK is good placed, holding amongst the universe ‘s largest resources of air current, moving ridge and tidal energy. Harmonizing to theA RenewableUK ( 2010 ) there are more than 240 air current farms in the UK, with a sum of over 2,500A turbines, responsible for cut downing the state ‘s C emanations by about 4.5A million metric tons per twelvemonth. Since catching Denmark in 2008 as the universe leader, the UK has more seaward air current energy capacity than any other state ( Ibid, p.19 ) . Although air current power has been seen as an of import non-fossil fuel energy engineering, holding blessing from scientists andA well-known NGOs, there are writers, such as DrA Etherington ( 2009 ) , who argue that â€Å" the drawbacks of air current power far outweigh the advantages. Wind turbines can non bring forth adequate energy to cut down planetary CO2 degrees to a meaningful grade ; what ‘s more, wind power can non bring forth a steady end product, asking back-up coal and gas power workss that significantly negate the economy of nursery gas emanations † He besides mentions that it is being overly financed by consumers who have non been informed that their measures are lessening an industry that can non be cost-effective or, finally, favour the cause it purports to back up. However, similar critics could besides be perceived within general society – and this tendency will be further discussed subsequently. As Cottrell reminds us ( 1955, cited by Humphrey andA Buttel in 1982, p.148 ) , wind power was foremost harnessed with the canvas and was a significant power beginning for many societies. Yet, harmonizing toA Cowie ( 1998 ) , its usage, in theory, is rather simple. The air current turns a turbine that generates electricity ( Ibid p.152 ) without any toxic residue or radioactive waste. However, although the energy is merely generated when the air current blows, in the UK, where it is a countrywide engineering, while air current may drop at some sites, it really seldom stops blowing everyplace at one time, so it does non necessitate to be backed up, megawatt for megawatt. Harmonizing toA Milborrow ( cited by Friends of the Earth et al. , p.2 ) among the other energy options, air current power is the energy engineering with fewer leanings to sudden failure. Another of import point to be considered is that air current power besides generates proportionately more high quality skilled occupations than any other energy sectors. A study produced by Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, WWF andA RSPB ( 2009, p.3 ) says that there are already 400,000 people working in the wind-energy sector worldwide and this could make one million by the terminal of 2010. The Department of Trade and Industry has estimated that Round Two of offshore air current developments entirely could convey a farther 20,000 occupations for Britain ( cited byA BWEA 2006, p.4 ) . Furthermore, through embedded coevals ( BWEA 2006, p.4 ) , wind energy can cut down the distance over which electricity has to go, intending less electrical losingss in transmittal and distribution, hence ensuing in energy nest eggs. You read "Renewable Energy Needs To Be Implemented Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" The environing land can besides be used for conventional agri business, which is another benefit for the local community. Environmental deductions related to bird migration, air force per unit area on chiropterans or harm to home grounds and wildlife in the country where windmills are built, have frequently been discussed on web logs and cyberspace web sites ( BBC News 2008, SBWT, Country Guardian ) as a concern of the local community. Similarly, noise, landscape pollution, telecasting response intervention and jobs with radio detection and rangings are repeatedly identified ( BWEA 2006, Jones and Eiser 2010 ) by local populations ‘ society as caused by air current farms. Overall, surveies ( Blanco and Rodrigues 2005 ; Friends of the Earth et Al. 2009 ; A UNCTAD 2010 ) have shown that the impacts of air current energy on local communities is positive. This is particularly true in footings of diversifying the economic base, offering higher income to the local population through the rent received by the proprietors of the land where the turbines are located – frequently public land – and a general encouragement to the economic system through the multiplier consequence ( DTI 2005, p.5 ) . As Devine-Wright ( 2007 ) has claimed, air current power has been by far the most socially combative renewable energy engineering to day of the month. The DTI ( 2005, p.30 ) has besides acknowledged that since the early yearss of air current power in the UK, be aftering permission has been cited as a barrier to development. In fact, several research undertakings ( Walsink 2005 ; Devine-Wright 2007 and 2009 ; Jones and Eiser 2010 ) into public perceptual experiences have been taken as a consequence of society ‘s opposition to weave engineerings – and all of them seem to hold similar findings. In drumhead, public attitudes converge between a ‘not in my back yard experiencing ‘ ( NIMBY ) to concern about noise and ocular impact in the landscape ( Ibid ) . Furthermore, A Kolonas ( 2007 ) analysed 35 surveies on public perceptual experiences of air current power in the EU and, harmonizing to his findings, â€Å" there is the deficiency of a holistic and thorough attack, based on a common theoretical model † . He argues that such public attitudes are a consequence of ‘already decided ‘ undertakings being presented to the host community without deliberative planning schemes, which, in his sentiment, opens the door to resistance. Yet, inA Wolsink ‘s ( 2007, p.1192 ) words: â€Å" the fact that a minority does non back up air current power is non surprising because there is barely anything in life that is universally supported. † The 2nd illustration, Brazil, was identified by Cowie ( 1998, p.156 ) , as the state that has benefitted most from biomass transition since its authorities launched the National Alcohol Programme ( ProAlcohol ) in 1975. TheA ProAlcool was created to promote ethanol production from the agitation of sugar cane as a response to surging oil monetary values and a crisis in the international sugar market ( Rothkopf, 2007 ) . During the first twelvemonth of the programme, Brazil produced 600,000A M3 of ethyl alcohol, of which a tierce was dehydrated for gasolene blending, and the balance used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries ( Cowie, 1998, p.156 ) . The 20 % petrol blend known as gasohol shortly played an of import portion in the Brazilian economic system, so that by 1985 10.5 billion liters were being produced for motor fuel with a farther 2 billion liters for other intents. All together this created 500,000 new occupations in agribusiness every bit good as industry ( Ibid ) . While Brazilian ethyl alcohol produced from sugar cane provides energy that is renewable and less carbon-intensive than oil, American ethyl alcohol is chiefly produced from maize and its production relies on fossil energy. In add-on, the production of ethyl alcohol from maize has far-reaching effects on nutrient security. Harmonizing to theA UNCTAD ( 2010, p.10 ) , it is estimated that a particular public-service corporation vehicle requires 660 lbs of maize or nutrient to make full is its armored combat vehicle, plenty to feed two people in a underdeveloped state for the whole twelvemonth. Thus, subsidies forA biofuel production in developed states have encouraged husbandmans to switch from turning wheat and other grains to bring forth maize, lending to a deficit of nutrient and monetary value deformations on universe nutrient markets ( Pimentel 2009 cited by UNCTAD 2010, p.10 ) . The cardinal point to observe is that despite the sugar and ethyl alcohol produced from the sugar cane, theA bagasse ( byproduct of sugar cane oppressing ) can besides be used as a fuel for cogeneration systems. Harmonizing to the IAEA ( 2006, p.70 ) about all bing sugar cane Millss in Brazil are energy-self-sufficient ( thermic, mechanical and electric ) ; what makes BrazilianA biofuel an of import engineering is the fact that it mitigates climate alteration by cut downing nursery gas emanations non merely from the ethyl alcohol and gasohol use, but besides as an illustration of sustainable production. As Cowie ( 1998, p.156 ) highlighted, the Brazilian experience revealed that the benefits of national or regional biomass transition programmes could include: the aforementioned nursery benefits ; foreign exchange nest eggs on oil imports ; security of energy supply ; increased demand and variegation of agricultural merchandises ; environmental and wellness benefits as ethanol production reduces the CO2 emanations on conveyance sector ; spin-off benefits to equipment makers and providers in forestry, agribusiness and chemical industries ; increased research in biotechnology, microbiology, scientific agriculture, forestry, genetic sciences, technology, metallurgy and chemical science. Conversely, even though the debut of sugar cane into Brazil by the Portuguese was an early deforestation factor, this is no longer the instance. Although outputs have increased over clip, making 70 t/ha by 2001, sugar cane plantations still represent less than 2 % of the agricultural country in the state ( IAEA 2006, p. 114 ) , which besides has a big extension of land available for enlargement of deep-rooted woods and cultivation of energy harvests, with a limited impact on nutrient production ( Ibid, p.5 ) . However, there are several deductions of sugar cane and ethyl alcohol production.A Guarnieri andA Jannuzzi ( 1992 ) identified the followers: a ) increased eroding during and after the crop season ; B ) reduced H2O quality and handiness due to increased overflow ; c ) increased chemical pollution due to fertiliser and pesticide usage ; vitamin D ) debasement of dirt quality/productivity ; e ) reduced biodiversity ; degree Fahrenheit ) air emanations, A stillage and wash-up Waterss ensuing from industrialised intoxicant production ; g ) usage of land for big scale monocultures ; and H ) menaces of blackouts due to plantation-burning patterns impacting electricity transmittal lines. However, emanations straight related to sugarcane production have fallen drastically with the usage of itsA bagasse as a fuel and the research and development on efficient engineerings and pesticides ( IAEA 2006, p.115 ) . Finally, from the societal position, the sugar cane sector is the beginning ofA support for over 45 million husbandmans and their dependants, consisting 7.5 % of the rural population ( IEA 2010, p.143 ) . Compared to oil production, the job-creation per unit of energy is three times higher for hydropower and 150 times higher for ethanol production ( IAEA 2010, p.145 ) . However, the figure of harvest workers was reduced in the past decennary and is likely to cut down even further due to the addition in mechanization[ 1 ]. As a effect, contract workers who used to cut cane manually in the Fieldss have now received preparation and some of them are runing reaping machines. Although this may non be plenty to absorb all old workers, it is expected that over the long term this alteration will convey better working conditions and higher wage ( IEA 2010, p.107 ) . This essay has attempted to discourse the societal, economic and political deductions of a social response to climate alteration based around alternate energy engineerings, utilizing two different instances as illustrations: the air current energy used in the UnitedA Kingdom and sugar cane used in ethyl alcohol and cogeneration production in Brazil. From the first illustration, it emerged that although the air current energy has an of import function to play on the energy mix in the UK, there is still important opposition in society to windmill building across the state. Furthermore, harmonizing to the literature reappraisal, it seems that this place is related to the absence of a planning policy where the populace could hold a more participatory function in taking the sites where air current turbines should be built. With respect to the economic and societal deductions, wind energy represents a valuable engineering for the UK, once it is able to supply fiscal benefits either on the figure of occupations created, or other environing economic activity that may besides be developed. Looking to the Brazilian scenario, on the other manus, it was observed that despite of environmental and societal impacts from the beginning of theA sugar cane factory activities, the state has successfully improvedA substantialA ordinance and engineerings for both ethyl alcohol and sugar production, ensuing in the cogeneration of energy from sugarcaneA bagasse and the recent success of flex-fuel vehicles. Sustainable energy has besides proved an chance for occupation creative activity in the energy sector, and the betterment inA efficiency has meant an addition in productiveness while cut downing energy usage and nursery gas emanations. Surely, both alternate energy engineerings developed in these two states still have several impacts which still have to be managed, such as market stableness, grid entree, accomplishments deficits and authorities policies. However, from parametric quantities of what could be studied in this essay, the advantages of alternate energy engineering far outweigh the disadvantages of the fossil-fuel energy response. As this essay concentrated merely on air current and sugar cane biomass, it would be interesting to set about farther research into the societal, economic and political deductions of other alternate energies or possibly even the deductions of air current and biomass in other states. Wordcount: 2.479 How to cite Renewable Energy Needs To Be Implemented Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Beowulf And Monster Essay Example For Students

Beowulf And Monster Essay Beowulf is the epic story of a young hero who battles the monster Grendel and his mother. Beowulf, a prince of the Geats, the son of Ecgtheow who voyages to Heorot, the hall of Hrothgar, king of the Geats and the great grandson of the hero . There at Heorot, Beowulf destroys the monster Grendal, who for twelve years has haunted the hall by night and slain all he found therein. When Grendals mother, in revenge, makes an attack on the hall, Beowulf seeks her out and kills her in her home beneath the waters. There are many different events in this story. First, there is the pagan warrior system. In this system, the relationship between the lord and his men, known as the thanes, is very important. It is the responsibility of the thanes to defend their king and their lands and also to fight his wars whenever possible. The relationship between the lord and the thanes is one of mutual trust and respect. The warrior vows his loyalty to his lord and eventually becomes his companion. In return, the king/lord is responsible for repaying these men for their favors and eventually provide for their households. He offers them shelter, helmets, gold rings, bracelets, swords, beer, mead, and a home. Norton, 23. In the warrior society, there are two forms of retribution, quiet vengeance and the wergild or the man price Norton, 23.. A killer is responsible for paying for the death of a warrior, by paying a member of his family: Each rank of society is evaluated at a definite price, which has to be paid to the dead mans kinsmen by the killer who wishes to avoid their vengeance even if the killing has been accidental. Norton, 23. There are also the ideas of fate and courage portrayed throughout the story of Beowulf. The warriors believe that fate controls their lives and their beings. Beowulf, the ultimate hero, shows this trait throughout Grendels attack and also in his battle with Grendels mother after her vengeful attack on the hall of Heorot. He even tells Unferth, the boastful warrior, of his fate before defeating Grendel, when Beowulf says, Fate often saves an undoomed man when his courage is good. Norton, 34. After, Beowulfs successful victory over Grendel, the warriors enjoy their feast and then settle down for their nights rest in the great hall Heorot. They do not know that Grendel has a kin who will come that night to avenge his death. Grendels mother then arrives and snatches the first person she sees and hurries back to the mere. When it is discovered that the man, who happens to be Hrothgars dearest advisor, Aeschere is dead, everyone is sorrowful. Once again, all of Danes are now in sorrow for the death of Aeschere. Hrothgar mourns his friends death, but Beowulf encourages him when he says to Hrothgar, Sorrow not, wise warrior. It is better for a man to avenge his friend than much mourn. Norton, 45.  Beowulf now attacks Grendels mother and gives victory and freedom to the Danes over the monsters that have been plaguing them for over twelve years. Hrothgar is described as a hoary warrior. Norton, 45. He is old, tired and cannot control his kingdom. His thanes can boast, but cannot face the monsters that try to overthrow his kingdom. Not only does Beowulf shows his courage and his fighting ability as a young warrior, but in the end of the poem, at an old age, he again shows his courage by attacking the dragon who eventually takes his life. .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 , .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .postImageUrl , .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 , .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:hover , .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:visited , .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:active { border:0!important; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:active , .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381 .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91ba0e3a90a929c5c4633f8393303381:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Experiencing Poetry Organizer EssayAt the time he is about to attack the dragon, Beowulf says, In my youth I engaged in many wars. Old guardian of the people, I shall still seek battle, perform a deed of fame, if the evil-doer will come to me out of the earth-hall. Norton, 59. Beowulfs successor is Wiglaf. Wiglaf is the young warrior who sticks by Beowulfs side while he fights with the dragon. Wiglaf is very similar to Beowulf in that he is also courageous and is humble. He is very courageous and shows his courage when he tries to help Beowulf attack the dragon.

Voices of freedom paper free essay sample

In chapter, five there are several points. However the biggest points are if the colonists should be independent from Britain, the colonists reaction to the laws and acts made by the British Empire, and the rights of the colonists. These points summarize the contents of chapter five of â€Å"Voices of Freedom† and â€Å"Give Me Liberty†. The articles in voices of freedom that are arguing the primary points the first article is the â€Å"Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765)†. This article is about Virginia’s House of Burgesses making resolutions to defend their liberty they decided to approve four of these resolutions and rejected three. The next article is â€Å"New York Workingmen Demand a Voice in the Revolutionary Struggle (1770)†. This article is about how craftsmen have a right to speak there voice for public policy, as well as how ordinary men in new york city challenged how far the merchants should go for this resistance. We will write a custom essay sample on Voices of freedom paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third article is â€Å"Association of the New York Sons of Liberty (1773)†. This article is about Britain taking advantage of the colonists’ rights and explaining to how their treatment is like slavery. The fourth article is â€Å"Farmington, Connecticut, Resolutions, on the Intolerable Acts (1774)†. This article is about the one thousand residents of Farmington, Connecticut response to the intolerable acts, as well as how liberty was the same cause as gods cause. The fifth article is â€Å"Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)†. This article is about what was wrong with monarchial rule and used colonists’ experiences as to why they should be independent to the British Empire. The last article is â€Å"James Chalmers, Plain Truth (1776)†. This article is about James Chalmers response to â€Å"Common Sense† and how the colonists would be better off staying loyal to the British, as well as how if they become independent then they will be taken over by another country and be slaves. This chapter is about the American Revolution and the argument about if the colonies should declare independence from the British Empire. There are several good points on both sides as to whether or not be independent from the British Empire. Are the British taking advantages of the rights of the colonist or what they are doing is fair and more beneficial for the colonist to just stay loyal to the British Empire. In Chalmer’s article, he describes how it is foolish to declare independence from Britain, as well as to declare independence is to be put into slavery. He states this when he writes, â€Å"We remember with unfeigned gratitude, the many benefits derived through our connections with Great Britain, by whom but yesterday we were emancipated from slavery and death (Chalmers 100)†. This shows Chalmers belief that even though the colonists were greatly benefitting from the connections with Great Britain they were still somehow enslaved by them. In Paine’s article, he is saying that the colonist should seek independence from Great Britain, as well as the reasons for this. He also is saying that there are some benefits to staying loyal but that Great Britain will take advantage of the colonists and their rights. Paine mentions this when he says, â€Å"we may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is to never have meat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Paine 96). This is saying that like a child and parent that even though a child benefits from the parent the child should eventually move away from the parent and seek its own independence. This is the same for why the colonists should seek independence from its parent country Great Britain. The acts and laws passed by the British Empire caused several negative responses from the colonist. One of these negative responses to an act was the Boson Tea Party in response to the tea act that was passed. In Give Me Liberty the Foner writes, â€Å"a group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded three ships at anchor in Boston Harbor and threw more than 300 chests of tea into the water† (Foner 189). The intolerable acts caused one thousand residents in Farmington, Connecticut to make resolutions in response to these intolerable acts. One of these resolutions to the intolerable acts was â€Å" That the late Act which their malice hath caused to be passed in parliament, for blocking up the port of Boston, is unjust, illegal and oppressive; and that we and every American are sharers in the insults offered to the town of Boston†(Force 92). This is showing that the British blocking up Boston harbor is unfair illegal and oppressing the colonists and that by doing this Britain has not only insulted Boston but the all of America as well. The sons of liberty as well had a negative response to the laws and acts that were passed and thought of it as enslavement. The sons of liberty wrote this in their article, â€Å"to unite with their fellow citizens, to testify their abhorrence to the diabolical project of enslaving America† (Niles 87). This is saying that it is time to unite and state what they think of the laws and acts and stop to what they believe is enslavement by the British Empire. Not only that but as well a call to action for colonists who also believed this. These are some of the negatives responses to the acts and laws passed by the British Empire The rights of the colonists are mentioned all throughout the chapter. The British Empire passed several laws and acts to what they thought were only fair since they believed the colonies as a way to enrich the British Empire. Foner says this when he writes; â€Å"Britain reverted in the mid-1760s to seeing them as subordinates whose main role was to enrich the mother country† (Foner 179). This shows how the British viewed the colonists as well as why they thought that any law or act that they passed would be fine with the colonists since they were only thought of as a way to improve the British Empire. The British Empire also made it known to the colonists that they have the right to pass any tax on the colonists that they want. Which many colonists believed this was British Empire stamping on their rights and their liberty. Brutus says this when he writes, â€Å"Has not our Mother Country, by solemn Act of Legislation, declared that she has a right to impose internal Taxes on us? And is not such an imposition incompatible with our Liberty† (Brutus 86). This is describing how Brutus thinks of how Great Britain taxes are in itself going against the liberty of the colonists as well as how great Britain can place any tax that they please by there right no mater who’s rights it takes away. The House of Burgesses made resolutions in response to the stamp act because they wanted to do everything in their power to protect the liberty of the colonists. In this article the House of Burgesses shows this when it says, â€Å"to vest such power in any other person or persons whatever than the General Assembly aforesaid, is illegal, unconstitutional, and has a manifest tendency to destroy British as well as American liberty† (Kennedy 84). This is saying that to give anyone such power is the bases for destroying both American and British liberties and should only be given to the General Assembly. Those are just some of the liberties that both sides said to have the right to. Chapter five has shown several points that are good for both sides. . These main points were if the colonists should achieve independence from their mother country Great Britain, the rights and liberties of the colonist and British Empire, and the colonists reaction to the laws and acts that were passed by Great Britain. As well chapter five has shown the primary point in the articles by Chalmers and Paine on weather to be independent from Britain, the reactions of the colonists from the sons of liberty and the one thousand residents of Farmington, Connecticut, and the rights and liberties of the colonists from Brutus and House of Burgesses. That is what chapter five of â€Å"Voices of Freedom† and â€Å"Give Me Liberty† is about.

Free Essays on Age Discrimination

Lets take a look at the landscape for older workers as it unfolds today. Baby boomers will begin to reach age 65 by 2010. Although prevailing attitudes in our society remain slanted against older workers, already there are profound changes taking place. Consider these factors: Â ·There are over 16 million Americans over 55 who are either working or seeking work. Â ·Older workers are getting new jobs at an annual rate of 4.1 percent. This is more than double the .8 percent rate in the general population. Â ·Older Americans make up 10 percent of the workforce, but account for 22 percent of the nation's job growth. Â ·Extensive research has found no relationship between age and job performance. Americans age 55 and above take fewer sick days, adapt to new technologies successfully, and are more loyal to their employer than thirtysomethings. Â ·A survey of human resource professionals found that 62 percent are hiring retired employees as consultants. Â ·By 2010 there will be a severe labor shortage as baby boomers begin to retire and fewer younger workers are available because of slow population growth between 1966 and 1985. Unless we can keep older, productive people working, labor tightness will slow down the economy Add to this the raising of Social Security normal retirement from 65 to 67, and the likelihood of further increases. The Social Security Earnings Test has been eliminated. Moreover, a long established trend toward early retirement has reached an abrupt halt according to the Employee Benefits Research Institute. In a commercial culture aimed at the young, the beautiful and the nimble we do not like to think about aging. Although aging is as inescapable as phases of the moon, negative stereotypes about older adults proliferate. Unfortunately they still find their loudest expression in the workplace. We cheer roundly when older people demonstrate creativity, can do attitudes and athletic agility. An 88-year... Free Essays on Age Discrimination Free Essays on Age Discrimination Lets take a look at the landscape for older workers as it unfolds today. Baby boomers will begin to reach age 65 by 2010. Although prevailing attitudes in our society remain slanted against older workers, already there are profound changes taking place. Consider these factors: Â ·There are over 16 million Americans over 55 who are either working or seeking work. Â ·Older workers are getting new jobs at an annual rate of 4.1 percent. This is more than double the .8 percent rate in the general population. Â ·Older Americans make up 10 percent of the workforce, but account for 22 percent of the nation's job growth. Â ·Extensive research has found no relationship between age and job performance. Americans age 55 and above take fewer sick days, adapt to new technologies successfully, and are more loyal to their employer than thirtysomethings. Â ·A survey of human resource professionals found that 62 percent are hiring retired employees as consultants. Â ·By 2010 there will be a severe labor shortage as baby boomers begin to retire and fewer younger workers are available because of slow population growth between 1966 and 1985. Unless we can keep older, productive people working, labor tightness will slow down the economy Add to this the raising of Social Security normal retirement from 65 to 67, and the likelihood of further increases. The Social Security Earnings Test has been eliminated. Moreover, a long established trend toward early retirement has reached an abrupt halt according to the Employee Benefits Research Institute. In a commercial culture aimed at the young, the beautiful and the nimble we do not like to think about aging. Although aging is as inescapable as phases of the moon, negative stereotypes about older adults proliferate. Unfortunately they still find their loudest expression in the workplace. We cheer roundly when older people demonstrate creativity, can do attitudes and athletic agility. An 88-year...

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Analysis - Essay Example The amount of tourists in the country affects the amount of money vacation lodges make. An external factor influences the existence of vacation lodges in the industry. Competition among various lodges is significant, and it is an external factor. Increase in disposable income increases demand for vacation lodges in an area. The level of disposable income plays an important role in determining the number of tourists that will apply for the lodge (Glaeser, 2014). In relation to, provision of quality services is an internal factor, which is under control of the business. There are few barriers to entry of the market. It has a moderate start up cost and the main threat to the business is a similar business. Tour Operators are prominent individuals in the tourism industry due to their services. Barrier to entry to the industry is an external factor, which the company cannot control. Barriers to the entry of the market are moderate. Advertising and marketing of the enterprise are internal, which is under the supervision of the enterprise. They can play a major role in attracting customers. Competition is by virtue of loyalty of customer and provision of quality services retains customers and builds a brand name (Day, Eliason, Wallenberg & Schumpeter, 2013). Stanisavljev, S., Djordjevic, D., & Cockalo, D. (2014). Analysis of competitiveness of domestic enterprises on the global market. Singidunum Journal Of Applied Sciences, 9(1), 1-8.

Team discution 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team discution 5 - Assignment Example They are comparing this to the equity ratio which is easy to measure given that they received similar scales at entry level. 2. Distributive Justice- This is delineated as the perceived fairness of various outcome of the taken decisions and is judged through measuring whether the stated rewards are proportional to the presented costs, input outcome ratios compares to others and whether outcomes match and stick to the expectations. Procedural justice- This is defined as the perceived fairness within the steps followed in making decisions. It is evaluated by gauging whether the steps are unbiased, consistent, correctable and accurate. It should also be open to scrutiny and inputs from other staff members. 3. As the chair of the committee, I will apply the principle of goal setting theory, which applies challenging but clear goals to help in the advancing of team’s motivation within the committee. As the chair, I will ensure that the goal is clear and measurable besides being succinct to the point. I will ensure that we set the timeline within which the fundraising must be cleared. The goal set must be challenging to the committee members to ensure that they are motivated besides ensuring that all team members are committed towards meeting the goals. I will also set up a feedback mechanism that will help in receiving information on the progress towards achieving a goal. Finally, as this will be a complex task, I will give the committee members enough time to easily overcome the learning curves. (Linke, 42) 4. Intrinsic rewards –These are the rewards that fulfills employees intrinsic motivators. Example includes; giving an employee a complex task, inclusion in making decisions, and giving a staff member a higher rank among others. These factors do not require increased fees but still an employee will be motivated. Intrinsic factors are qualitative in nature. Extrinsic rewards- These are those

Write up a report based on Case StudyStrategy Formulation at Zanzibar Study

Write up a report based on StudyStrategy Formulation at Zanzibar - Case Study Example The affluent are attracted by the magic of the word Zanzibar. The place was previously referred to as Zanj-el-Barr or the land of the blacks. The region has been a colony for many times in the past firstly for the fact that it acted as a stopover destination for the ships travelling to India and due to fact that the country had a rich variety of spices. The spices are what contributed to centuries old reputation of the region. The spices that once upon a time made the archipelago famous are Cloves, Cardamom, Saffron, Curry, black pepper etc. However the spices are no longer the main source of living and income generating activity of the region and the tourism business is now the main economic activity. In the following pages the discu8ssion is focussed on the SWOT analysis of the region and strategies that can be adopted in order to promote Zanzibar as a tourist destination. The archipelago of Zanzibar has been famous for centuries for the spices and an important stopover for the trade routes. The region was first used as a trade destination by the Persians. These were followed by the Arabs who were eager to establish trade relations between the African countries and the gulf (Wilson, 2012). The Arabs were succeeded by the Portuguese in the beginning of the sixteenth century. The Portuguese were in turn followed by the Omanis and who in turn were followed by the Britishers. The British saw the region as the perfect stop for their ships before they visited India (Hartley, 2003). So, over the years Zanzibar has seen a blending of different cultures and ethnic groups. The culture of Zanzibar thus reflects a mix of Swahilis along with the Arabs, Indians and the Europeans (McIntyre and McIntyre, 2013). This mixing of culture is also reflected in the music of the region. However the archipelago has lost to the competition in the spices industry from India which is much more industrious, productive and operates an efficient

International Tax Havens And Money Laundering

International Tax Havens And Money Laundering Introduction Layering is the procedure of sorting out the capital gained from illegal actions from their source using different levels of composite fiscal transactions, for instance changing cash into travellers checks, shares, investments, or acquiring expensive assets, for example painting or jewellery. 4 Introduction In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. Benjamin Franklin (1789) Cited in Sharon (2009), p333 International tax havens and money laundering is becoming a major issue in the current world economy. A tax haven country is a place where certain taxes are levied at a small rate or does not exist. People and/or businesses can find it smart to move into those places which will create tax competition amongst governments which also include illegal activities such as profits gained from unfair trading or frauds in a companys accounts and corruption. Goerke (2008) study shows that there is a negative relationship between tax havens and corruption. This is because a country with tax evasion policies, the normal tax rate has to be high in order to generate the same level of income as a country with no tax evasion policy. High tax rate has a tendency to ease corruption. In the UK, Her Majesties Royal Court (HMRC) is trying to gain access to details of overseas accounts of UK citizens in tax havens countries (Riem, 2009). The Financial Times in July 2008, reported the Swiss bank UBS will no hold have overseas account for U.S. citizens following a law suit by the U.S. government in May, 2008 (GFIP, 2009). The US Treasury has lost on an annual basis around US $ 100 billions in revenue because of the accounts held in tax haven countries. The U.S. congress introduced the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act (STHAA) in March 2009 which includes a list of tax haven countries. Companies are planning to move away from the place where the Act is in force. The Italian Finance Minister, Guilio Tremonti had the fight against tax haven countries as his main priority in the G-8  [1]  summit in Aquila in July 2009. Money laundering is the procedure to cover the correct source, possession, route and use of capital, largely gained from illicit actions with the intend of making appear is was obtained legally. There are three main ways of doing this, namely: placement, layering and integration (Shehu, 2003). Placement occurs when an individual deposits money gained from illegal activities into financial services providers such as banks. Layering is the procedure of sorting out the capital gained from illegal actions from their source using different levels of composite fiscal transactions, for instance changing cash into travellers checks, shares, investments, or acquiring expensive assets, for example painting or jewellery. Integration is when an individual uses legal means to hide illicit money, therefore leaving the illegal funds to be distributed back to criminals. These can take the form of fake import/export invoices. Advantages and Disadvantages of International Tax Havens and Money Laundering Offshore financial institution offers access to steady political and economic matters. This is advantageous to the residents who lives in areas of political turmoil who fear their assets may be frozen. Some banks operate at a low cost base and provide high interest rates than what is legal in the home country due to the lack of government interference in the affairs. Money laundering in remote islands and countries helps increase the economy growth. The services of offshore banks are advantageous when compared to domestic banks, they offer number of bank accounts, risk is based on high and low rates of investments. Some individuals have specific tax advantages because these banks are linked to other offshore companies, trust or foundations. However, through money laundering the banks have been involved to help terrorist groups, crime gangs, and other state and non-state actors. Money laundering encourages tax evasion, by helping them deposit their hidden income in an attractive place. Access to offshore banks are difficult as they operate in far distant places. Yet accounts can be created by online and other modes, a country such as India finds it difficult to deal with the issue of money travelling in and out without restrictions. Offshore accounts aid this money, and this can cause financial problems in the country. The charge to uphold these accounts is possible by the high earners . The tax load falls for the middle income group. Also the people who earn more are left to pay more taxes to facilitate the economy. Acquisition, possession or use of property, knowing at the time of receipt that such property was derived from criminal activity or from an act of participation in such activity (Lockett, 1999). Government review fiscal transactions to make sure the work is carried out properly on the administrative side, prevent welfare and other benefits fraud, prevent money laundering and to detect any other illicit doings (World Bank Institute, 2008). These advantages, however, government employees gaining access to these data and other individual might misuse these financial data (World Bank Institute, 2008). These advantages, however, government employees gaining access to these data and other individual might misuse these financial data (World Bank Institute, 2008). People who are involved in trying to hide or transfer properties that are used for criminal purposes will face legal sanctions (Lockett, 1999). For instance, these properties may be used for drugs dealing, hide dirty money, and any other criminal activities. Global Overview International tax havens and money laundering is having a global impact. For instance, in India, money laundering is become a huge problem as money generated from illegal activities, such as crimes, terrorism and drug-trafficking, is instantly transferred to tax havens countries such as Switzerland. India are made up of tax havens, laws allowing secrecy, disguised corporations, anonymous trust accounts, fake foundations and assorted money laundering mechanisms which are designed to move money and keep hidden their sources (Financial Times, 2009). The local government and authorities, for instance, the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, seems to have no interest investigating into the matter. Even during the G-20 meeting in London (2009), the Indian representative though this topic would be out of line when actually tax haven countries and money laundering was making the headlines. In February 2009, an Indian newspaper reports that several Indian ministers visited Switzerland on private voyage. (Vaidyanathan, 2009) Kar and Cartwright-Smith (2008) in a report for the Global Financial Integrity (GFI) that illicit financial outflow from India for the period 2002-2006 was on an average low of US $ 22.7 billions and high of US $ 27.3 billions per year ranking India as the 5th largest outflow of illegal money outflow in the world. These come from mainly second hand goods markets which are not accounted for and largely processed by a financial service provide named Hawala Bank. Hawala Bank is a financial services provider which is unlicensed and therefore under no government authority. The financial institution accept money in all its form in one country and pays out in another country but does not find it important to keep proper records of clients and transactions. Their main trading activity is transferring money from developed countries into the Middle East and North Africa where the firm originated. Institution trading often goes through Pakistan; Dubai and Africa countries such as Nigeria before reaching the customer as a means to protect the privacy of clients and that is the main reason is it use for money laundering as shown in Appendix 1. No studies manage to analyse the amount of money traded by the company but it is believed that Hawala bankers are hugely involve for tax evasion and money laundering. Since it has no legal obligation, preventing them from trading is almost impossible as it is done in an informal way. (van de Bunt, 2008) As compared to this, Italy is showing a great concern in tax haven countries and money laundering. Italy has the highest corporate tax rate in Europe as shown in Appendix 2 which triggers Italian base companies to send profits in tax haven countries. De Mooij Ederveen and Dharmapala (2008) argued that company profits and income is more responsive to taxes that where the company or individual is situated. On 3 October 2009, the Italian government granted a grace period for company and individuals to return profits from tax haven countries for a small charge of 5% of the capital. They expect around US $ 148bn to flow back in the country generating tax revenue of US $ 7bn mostly from Switzerland as in the pass, the later was responsible for 58.3% of inflows of profits from overseas. The Finance Minister of Italy, Guilio Tremonti, said in an interview in July 2009: The true benefit of this measure is that it will close Ali Babas cave and measures are useless if they leave tax havens open. Financial Times (16 July, 2009) In 2008, Giulio Tremonti made the account of all Italian tax payers available online which was on of his approach to track incomes of Italian tax payers. Scherer Salzano (2008) discussed that this would not help the government as it could induce financial crime as private details of individuals such as income earned and address were made public and consequently the website was closed. Furthermore, some countries enjoy labelling themselves as tax haven countries such as the Caribbean Islands. However, offshore financial services firms prefer to promote themselves as wealth management centre. A recent approximation by the Tax Justice Network (2009), show that around a third of the worlds assets is held in these countries (i.e. US $ 11.5 trillion). Countries such as France, UK and Holland have no interest in to crack down these tax haven countries as many of them form part of the colonies. Nevertheless, following the September 11 attack, the U.S. government wants to eliminate these countries tax policies as it prompts money laundering therefore helping terrorist groups. Their main targets in the Caribbean are Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Guatemala, and Panama. This is because these countries have slack financial authorities which benefit money laundering. Caribbean islands are consequently joining force to establish guidelines to combat money laundering mainly because of world regulators (Rosdol, 2007). Legal Side and Policies Since the 9/11 incident there has been an interest and growing concern for the rules and regulations made against serious crimes including money laundering and tax havens. The Indian government took advantage of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) sanction threats against tax havens and money laundering. They took a hard look at the countrys Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements focusing on restricting the outflow of clack money and adopting measures to arrest anyone involved within the country. In their urge to stop black money funding growth, the Indian government began a negotiation with Switzerland to help release their infamous secrecy laws and share data on tax evasion cases. Since OECD drives against tax havens, many countries have started to sign international standards on transparency and exchange of information. For instance the Cayman Islands have recently signed a joint agreement with seven other countries, which allows them to exchange information on tax matters unilaterally. If similar agreements like the one Caymans Island took were taken by India, it would allow tax authorities to track down tax evaders and money launderers by gaining access to financial information that are hidden. (Basu, 2009) Before the 2008 tax haven and money laundering laws caused a lot of conflict with the Caymans and U.S, however political stability, strict and clear regulations has helped the country escape the OECD clampdown on tax havens. Financial services comprise around 40% of GDP and have made the Caymans the worlds fifth largest financial centre. Strict laws against money laundering got the Caymans removed from the Financial Action Task Force blacklist in 2001 but since then they have maintained a good relationship with the main hosted banks. Regulations in the Cayman Island are provided by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority, which also manage their currency. (Oxford Economic Country Briefings, 2008) In the Bahamas the government is considering introducing VAT, but this is a challenge for them as the country has built their fortunes on their tax haven status. The financial sector has undergone a deep transformation recently, since they brought down the reputation by introducing all surrounding anti-money laundering legislations. (Oxford Economic Country Briefings, 2008) The Financing and Money Services Act was enforced by the British Virgin Islands (BVI) in November 2009. The aim of this act is to make sure BVI laws and regulations are on the same level with international regulations and policies to fight money laundering and financing of terrorist. A board will be setup following the act to monitor licensing, regulation and supervision of financial services provided in the BVI, which will also include reviewing firms which do not comply with the law (Heath, 2009). There are number of offences which now these financial services providers will have to be line with so as not to break the law, otherwise fines can go up to US $ 60,000 applicable for offenders. U.S. Policies on International Tax Havens and Money Laundering The approach of U.S. law enforcement and regulatory agencies have faced relatively remarkable changes over the past decade such that money laundering and tax havens have been now operated as a primary issue. This change in approach and focus has brought improvement regarding tax havens and money laundering. The assessment of Obamas policies consolidates a tremendous amount of information in this perspective. In May 2009, president Obama presented a set of proposals focusing at international tax policies. The objective of Obama is to eradicate the benefits for those companies and well off individuals that transfer their cash in offshore accounts. He described the current system as: a tax code that says you should pay lower taxes if you create a job in Bangalore, India, than if you create one in Buffalo, New York. The key feature of this proposal is to restrict the companies which are exempted of tax payments on profits earned offshore. The plan of administration is to keep a strict hold on those companies which are not paying their taxes in U.S. pretending that they paid a huge amount of foreign taxes. During his presidential campaign Obamas party promise to work on tax havens and money laundering ACT. In February 2009, he said in a conference: We need to simplify a monstrous tax code that is far too complicated for most Americans to understand, but just complicated enough for the insiders who know how to game the system, finally ending the tax break for corporations that ship our jobs overseas. U.S. President Barack Obama This was his outmost priorities in a speech to the Congress that he guarantees to make the tax code more reasonable. According to the white house Mr. Obama is trying to close the international tax gaps. Companies which are investing in foreign countries and creating job opportunities overseas, will loose their tax advantages as planned by the U.S. President, companies which are creating job opportunities in U.S. will be offered tax advantages with incentives. The President and Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner proposal of tax policy could help in increasing revenue over next year. The estimated income according to the studies carried out is US $ 210 billion. However, this proposal has some drawbacks and has been opposed by several business communities. Congressional leaders, in March 2009, suggested that this change in tax code result in making USA companies less competitive around the business globe. About 200 companies and trade associations, including Microsoft Corp., General Electric Co. and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, collectively signed a letter stating that the following changes to the tax code would set them at a disadvantage with their competitors. This proposal faced considerable opposition by democrats who are hugely represented in senate creating a bug opposite for President Obama. During his election campaign Obama criticised the tax code policy as American companies deferring their tax liabilities on corporate profits. According to democrats the profit earning by overseas investment allows American companies to invest this money in their foreign subsidiaries operations. The loophole which is not covered by Obamas policy is transfer pricing. Transfer pricing is the biggest source of tax avoidance in corporate America. An economics professor at Rutgers, (Altshuler, 2009), called transfer pricing the elephant in the room as it is a major problem which was not addressed under Obamas proposal. According to Ernst Young, reforms in Obamas policy for outsourcing have no affect on offshore corporate companies. By creating separate business entity these offshore corporations can contract with entity to outsource the job. Obama tax reforms have faced a lot of criticism from critics and the leaders in senate but the only purpose of these tax reforms is to encourage the U.S companies to invest locally to create more job opportunities for Americans. The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) said that after evaluating the benefits of outsourcing in India, if the cost of revenue is lower than the tax paid by multinational companies in USA. They would stop investing in foreign subsidiaries. To pursue the dream, Obamas administration announces their budget policy for the year 2011 which is increasing the tax on richest individuals and decreasing taxes for the individuals earning less. Individuals earning more than $200,000 have to face increment of US $ 970billion tax on their earnings. For businesses there is an addition of US $ 400 billion. Conclusion From research a number of laws and regulations have been put in place to improve tax haven and money laundering crimes however, most of the countries still manage to avoid those regulations and laws. In future many countries have decided it is best they work together to put together laws and regulations to decrease the crimes in the financial system if not like India it could become part of their economy and may be difficult to resolve in the future. The Caribbeans, India and Italy have undertaken the laws and regulations of the OECD. They undermine the legal economy because money laundering affects normal competitive conditions of markets which is a threat to the efficiency and stability of each countrys financial system. In Italy the prevention of money laundering plays a strategic role in fighting crime and is based in the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) requirements which are: Customer due diligence Record-keeping requirements concerning business relationships and occasional transactions Adoption of adequate organisational procedures and internal control measures Suspicious-transaction reporting. On the other hand, financial privacy is has to be accounted for before deciding whether to investigate a persons account and income which may end up on morality issues. With all the measure enforced recently and future prospects, tax evaders may want to consider paying the taxes rather than being sued for fraud for moving money to tax haven countries (Economist, 2009). Money laundering is a different case however as however strict the laws are, governments do no any proper knowledge on the amount of illegal paper money circulating. This capital flows to tax haven countries and they are the one who have to have laws in place to determine the origin of this money. The Swiss Ambassador in India, H.E. Mr Philippe Welti, said: Switzerland was accused of giving shelter to black money and there has been a lot of inflow of such wealth from India and other countries of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I would not say it would be stopped 100% (under a new law). But through this measure, it would be controlled up to a certain limit. Cited by Vaidyanathan (2009, DNA Read the World [Online]) The capita lost in money laundering can be gained back if there if a political will as shown in the case of Nigeria, Italy, Philippines and Israel (Vaidyanathan, 2009). References and Bibliography [n.k], (2008), Oxford Economic Country Briefings. Oxford, p1-4. [n.k]. [n.d] Advantages and disadvantages of offshore banking [Online]. [n.k]. Available from: http://www.nomad4ever.com/2006/11/26/advantages-disadvantages-of-offshore-banking/ [Accessed 30 January 2010]. Baker, R. (2009). India shows us the curse of black money [Online]. Available: http://www.gfip.org/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=205. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. Bank of Italy. [n.d]. Prevention of money laundering [Online]. Available from: http://www.bancaditalia.it/UIF/prev-ricic;internalaction=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Basu, I. (2009). India tries to tame tax havens [Online]. Available from: http://www.upiasia.com/Economics/2009/07/01/india_tries_to_tame_tax_havens/5024/ [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Brevik, F. and Gà ¤rtner, M. (2008). Can tax evasion tame Leviathan governments?. Public Choice. 136, p103-122. Browning, L. (2009). Obama Plan Leaves One Path to Lower Taxes Wide Open [Online]. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/business/05shelter.html/?_r=2. [Accessed 22 January 2010]. Consumer Compliance Examination and Bank Secrecy Act. (2000). Bank Secrecy Act/ Anti-Money Laundering [Online]. Available from: http://www.occ.treas.gov/handbook/bsa.pdf. [Accessed 01 February 2010]. Cray, C. (2009). Obamas Tax Haven Reform: Chump Change [Online]. Available from: http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=15386 [Accessed 01 February 2010]. Danziger, M.P. (2009). Illicit Financial Outflows from India $22 Billion-$27 Billion per Year [Online]. Available from: http://www.gfip.org/index.php?option=contenttask=viewid=201. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. Danziger, M.P. (2009). On Tax Day a Look Back, and What the Future Holds for Tax Dodgers and Banking Secrecy [Online]. Available from: http://www.gfip.org/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=190Itemid=70. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. De Mooij, R. A., and Ederveen, S. (2008), Corporate Tax Elasticitys: A Readers Guide to Empirical Findings, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24(4), 680-697. Delaney, A. (2009). USA Tops International Tax Haven List, Thanks To Delaware [Online]. Available from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/01/usa-tops-international-ta_n_340613.html. [Accessed 22 November 2009]. Devereux, M.P. (2008). Business taxation in a globalized world. Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 24 (4), p625-638. Dharmapala, D. (2008), What Problems and Opportunities are Created by Tax Havens?. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24(4), 661-79. Dinmore, G. (2009). Berlusconi dangles incentive for tax evaders to bring home billions [Online]. Available from: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f1d0408-71a0-11de-a821-00144feabdc0.html. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. Dinmore, G. (2009). Italy MPs protest against tax amnesty [Online]. Available from: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/86c70d08-a83c-11de-8305-00144feabdc0.html?nclick_check=1. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. Donmoyer, R. (2010). Obama Budget Seeks $1.9 Trillion Tax Rise on Richest, Business [Online]. 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(2008), Illicit Financial Inflows from Developing Countries: 2002-2006. Washington D.C: Global Financial Integrity. Knosalla, K. (2009). Tax Havens, Evasion and Banking Secrecy: A Review of the State of Financial Privacy vs. Financial Transparency. London School of Economics. Unpublished. Lockett, N. (1999) European Business Review. Legal Perspectives on Digital Money in Europe. 99(4), 238-239. Malkin, A. (2009). G20 Communiquà © Catalogue on Tax Havens and Money Laundering, 1999-2009 [Online]. Available from: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/taxhavens.html. [Accessed 24 November 2009]. MSNBC. (2009). Obama pledges to simplify the tax code [Online]. Available from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30228444/ [Accessed 01 February 2010]. Oak, R. (2009). Obamas Offshore Outsourcing Corporate Tax Code Change has no impact on offshore outsourcing vendors [Online]. Available from: http://www.economicpopulist.org/content/obamas-offshore-outsourcing-corporate-tax-code-change-has-no-impact-offshore-outsourcing-ven [Accessed 01 February 2010]. Obama, B. (2009). REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT ON INTERNATIONAL TAX POLICY REFORM [Online]. Available from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-The-President-On-International-Tax-Policy-Reform [Accessed 01 February 2010]. OECD. (2009). Whats new [Online]. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/home/0,2987,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. Riem, A. (2009). Tax dodgers be warned. Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation. 24 (4), p224-226. Rosdol, A. 2007. Are OFCs leading the fight against money laundering?. Journal of Money Laundering, 10 (3), p337-352. Sharon, C.O. (2009). Redefining Offshore in Latin America. Growth and Change. 40 (2), p332-356. Shehu, A.Y. (2003). The Asian Alternative Remittance Systems and Money Laundering. Journal of Money Laundering Control. 7 (2), p175. Spencer, D. (2009). Cross-Border Tax Evasion AND BRETTON WOODS II. Journal of International Taxation. 20 (10), p44-53. Tanenbaum, E. (2009). US Inbound: Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act has broad implications [Online]. Available from: http://www.internationaltaxreview.com/?Page=10PUBID=35ISS=25409SID=720491TYPE=20. [Accessed 29 January 2010]. Tax Justice Network. (2009). Corruption and the Offshore [Online]. Available from: http://www.taxjustice.net/cms/front_content.php?idcat=100à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹â€ =1client=1. [Accessed 30 January 2010]. The Economist. (2009). Finance And Economics: Haven hypocrisy; The G20 and tax [Online]. Available from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1Exp=11-17-2014FMT=7DID=1668199651RQT=309clientId=28275. [Accessed 23 January 2010]. TODAYOnline. (2010). Obama seeks $2.7 trillion tax rise on rich, businesses as well as tax cuts for working families [Online]. Available from: http://www.todayonline.com/Business/EDC100202-0000134/Seeking-a-balanced-tax-code [Accessed 02 February 2010]. Vaidyanathan, R. (2009), Tax Havens and Illegal Funds of India [Online]. Available from: http://www.iisc.ernet.in/prasthu/pages/PP_data/104.pdf [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Vaidyanathan, R. (2009). Illegal Indian money in tax havens: The way we debate it [Online]. Available from: http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:_I_4shq-SSsJ:janamejayan.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/illegal-indian-money-in-tax-havens-the-way-we-debate-it/+tax+haven+legislation+in+hawalacd=5hl=enct=clnkgl=uk. [Accessed 23 January 2010]. van de Bunt, H. (2008). A case study on the misuse of Hawala banking. International Journal of Social Economics. 35 (9), p691-702. World Bank Institute (2008). Anti-money Laundering Literature Search Technology [Online]. [n.k]. Available from: siteresources.worldbank.org/PSGLP/Resources//aml_technology.pdf. [Accessed 30 January 2010]. Zeleny, F. (2009). Obama Takes Aim at Offshore Tax Havens [Online]. Available from: http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/obama-takes-aim-at-offshore-tax-havens/. [Accessed 24 January 2010]. Zeleny, J. (2009). Obama Takes Aim at Offshore Tax Havens [Online]. Available from: http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/obama-takes-aim-at-offshore-tax-havens/. [Accessed 22 January 2010]. Appendices Appendix 1 Source: van de Bunt, H. (2008). A case study on the misuse of Hawala banking. International Journal of Social Economics, 35 (9), p691-702.

Writers of a New Era :: Internet Technology Computers Papers

Writers of a New Era The internet has quickly woven itself into the fabric of sociey. Many consider it an indispensable part of their lives, allowing them to keep pace with their hectic schedules. The internet has improved the ease in which people can communicate and find information. Navigating the web has become second nature to regular users. Some find the computer so convenient that they use it to do all of their writing from academic papers to journals. As the computer has aided in the task of writing, the internet has helped many become published writers. Anyone with moderate computer knowledge can create web sites. Personal web sites often have information and pictures that someone would normally only share with close friends, but having it published on the web means anyone can access this information. Sites like online journals and diaries are specifically designed for publishing personal ideas, feelings, or day to day happenings. Another increasingly respected writing medium used by students and aspiring journalists, as well as the average person’s diary, is blogger. Blogger, according to the web site Blogger Forum (bloggerforum.com), is a site that allows anyone to post a blog, short for webblog. This is a journal that can be continually updated, and viewed by any web user. The writers of blogs are called bloggers. Bloggers tend to write frequently and informally, as in a journal. They also try to give informative or inspiring entries. The number of bloggers is steadily increasing. Its popularity is attributed to the free, blogging software that is available to everyone, along with the appeal of being able to publish ideas, beliefs, and knowledge. Since anyone can publish on the web using blogger, the definition of a writer has dramatically changed. Before the web, a writer was viewed as someone who had their work published. Writers were also viewed with respect since getting a piece of writing published was highly competitive. Those who achieved it had to have a special quality in their writing. Now the use of the term writer is thought of more loosely, since anyone can be a published writer.

Literary Analysis of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

In Huckleberry Finn there are several themes. There are themes of racism and slavery, civilized society, survival, water imagery, and the one I will be discussing, superstition ( SparkNotes Editors). Superstition is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation (â€Å"Merriam-Webster†). Superstition was a very popular theme in Huckleberry Finn that you saw throughout the story. Huck was somewhat superstitious, but Jim speaks a wide range of superstition and folk tales. In the story it makes Jim seem as if he is unintelligent, when really his superstitions and beliefs come true and shows he is a wise person. At first, Huck thinks Jim’s superstitions are foolish and silly, but he eventually starts to appreciate Jim’s outlook and knowledge on life. Jim’s superstition was accepted as social teachings as well as being the adult figure in Huck’s life (SparkNotes Editors). One of the first times I saw superstition in the story was Huck’s superstition of bad luck. â€Å"Pretty soon a spider went crawling up my shoulder, and I flipped it off and it lit in the candle; and before I could budge it was all shriveled up. I didn’t need anybody to tell me that was an awful bad sign and would fetch me some bad luck, so I was scared and most shook the clothes off me. I got up and turned around in my tracks three times and crossed my breast everytime; and then I tied up a little lock of my hair with a thread to keep witches away ( Twain 110). † Another time Huck’s superstition of bad luck was shown in the story was when he accidentally spilled salt at breakfast. â€Å"One morning I happened to turn over the salt cellar at breakfast. I reached for some of it as quick as I could, to throw over my left shoulder and keep off the bad luck, but Miss Watson was in the ahead of me, and crossed me off ( Twain 117). † Because Huck was not able to throw the salt over his shoulder, he was very worried and nervous all day because he knew he would encounter bad luck sooner or later. The first time Huck went to get superstitious advice from Jim is when he went to ask Jim when his father would be returning in his life. He had already seen his father’s tracks in the snow and knew he would be coming real soon. He wanted to know what his father was going to do and how long  was he going to stay. Huck heard Jim had a hair ball that was taken out of a stomach of an ox, that he used to do magic with. The hair ball supposedly had a spirit in it that knew everything. The hair ball told Jim about Huck’s father and Jim told Huck, â€Å" Yo’ ole father doan’ know, yit, what he’s a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec he’ll go ‘way, en den agin he spec he’ll stay. De bes’ way is to res’ easy en let de ole man take his own way ( Twain 119). † He then began to tell Huck his father had two angels over him. A white, shiny angel that tells him to do right and a dark angel that tells him to do wrong. He told Huck that he also has two angels over him that does the same, and that nobody knows which one is going to get you in the end. This part of the story showed me Jim wasn’t as foolish and stupid as everybody thought he was, he was actually wise. That night when Huck returned home his father was waiting for him in his bedroom. Once Huck ran away to the island and found Jim ran away too and they discovered the dead man, who happened to be Huck’s father, Huck wanted to discuss the dead man but Jim warned him it was bad luck for them to talk about a dead man. â€Å" He said it would fetch bad luck; and besides, he said, he might come and ha’nt us; he said a man that warn’t buried was more likely to go a-ha’nting around than one that was planted and comfortable ( Twain 139). † Huck thought Jim made sense and respected him enough not to bring it up again. Huck then brought up to Jim, when he found the snake-skin the other day, Jim said it was the worst bad luck to touch snake skin. Huck did not believe they would experience any bad luck because they had experienced so much good luck with finding the house with all the goods and money they came across. Jim told him not to speak of it and he said the bad luck would still come, and it did come later that week. Huck decided to play a trick on Jim and put a dead rattlesnake in Jim’s blanket to scare him. When Jim laid down that night the snake’s mate was in his blanket and bit Jim on the heel. Jim was sick in bed for four days and Huck never told him he was the one who played the trick on him. He swore to himself he would never pick up a snake skin again, and Jim said to Huck maybe he would believe him next time and there might still be some bad luck to come. The theme of superstition in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is related to hope and fear. Jim’s hope and fear was that he would finally be free and his fear was that he would be captured and forced back into slavery. Huck’s hope was that he would be able to live his life without having to be in fear of his father and also that he would not have to live a â€Å"sivilized† lifestyle with the widow and Miss Watson. Everybody has hope and fear about something, and deals with it differently. Jim and Huck dealed with it by believing in superstition. Work Cited Page Twain, Mark. â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. † The Norton Anthology American Literature. Seventh Ed. Vol. C. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton & Comapny, Inc. , 2007. Print. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 5 Feb. 2011. â€Å"www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/superstition. † Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, 2011. Web. 5 Feb 2011.

Power In Death And The Maiden English Literature Essay

Power is defined as a ownership of control, authorization or influence over others. Power unfairnesss have been in being throughout the history of humanity and the ways of manifestation evolved from utmost to subtle, subjugation. This thought can be seen in the dramas Lysistrata by Aristophanes and in Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman. In Lysistrata, the supporter, Lysistrata, does n't desire to see Greece rupture itself apart while in Death and the Maiden the supporter Paulina wishes to take retaliation on person she believes tortured her many old ages ago. Both Lysistrata and Paulina find themselves experiencing powerless within a society which sees them as something to be conquered. Through the usage of gender, both adult females are able to derive power and utilize it to asseverate themselves within society nevertheless, whether or non they reach their ends is dependent on what issue characters wish to work out, an issue with society or an issue with themselves. Both Paulina and Lysistrata believed that they required power to make their ends, ends that could ne'er be achieved in their former place in society, a 2nd category citizen. In Death and the Maiden, Paulina wishes to penalize who she thinks tortured her, Roberto. She required power in order to pull strings her hubby, Gerardo, to play along with her â€Å" game † and she believed that the power to instil fright in Roberto would convey her strength to penalize him and convey closing to her life. However, Roberto keeps seeking to state her that killing him will ne'er convey the closing that she wanted. The deductions from slaying him will farther attest the job and the emotions that come with it. Paulina responds be stating â€Å" And why does it ever have to be people like me who have to give, why we are ever the 1s who have to do grants when something has to be conceded [ aˆÂ ¦ ] † ( Dorfman 66 ) . She keeps inquiring the inquiry â€Å" why? † and this shows the audience all the emotions that have been bottled up over the old ages are rupturing her apart. This is a major turning point for her as a character, whether she will forgive Roberto, kill him, or allow him travel. Either manner she understands that with or without her power, no affair what she tries to make she will ne'er hold a piece of head. On the other manus Lysistrata is able to accomplish her end through the usage of her gained power. After the dialogues she declared â€Å" Well gentlemen, so it ‘s all merrily settled. [ †¦ ] And allow us for the hereafter all endeavour Not to reiterate our mistakes, ne'er of all time! † ( Aristophanes 191 ) . Lysistrata was successful at making her ends utilizing the power she had gained because she had the support of all the adult females in Greece while Paulina merely had herself. Lysistrata ‘s declaration is anticlimactic and unlike Paulina ‘s duologue. Although Lysistrata reached her end of doing peace, s he simply falls back into her function of being a adult female nevertheless throughout the drama Lysistrata used a more serious tone than the other adult females and is portrayed as being smarter than the other adult females. Unlike in Death and the Maiden, Paulina is portrayed as weak, baffled, and interrupt up emotionally. Paulina ‘s bravery seen in the drama stemmed from choler. This simply created an semblance of a strong and powerful individual. Whether the adult females reached their ends or non, the dramas shows the reader that power to command and pull strings others will ne'er be able to work out struggle and hurting from within oneself nevertheless power to assist a big group in society will decidedly hold an ageless impact. Both Paulina and Lysistrata are able to derive power and utilize it to asseverate themselves within society nevertheless, Paulina was non able to make her end because power can non wipe out memories and emotions that everlastingly changed us. However, Lysistrata wants to assist society as a whole and this allows her to derive support from the adult females of Greece. Paulina was merely a tattered individual seeking the terminal a chapter of her life that she will ne'er bury while Lysistrata wanted to stop a war that had no terminal in sight and taken countless lives. By understanding the ends of the characters every bit good as their mentality, we can do proper opinion on our ain society. If a homo is given the proper environment to develop and boom, people wouldn`t be seeking retaliation on those that did them wrong. Besides people wouldn`t have to contend for their sentiments to do an influence in society because society would accept them. Humans experience growing in different way s at peculiar points in our lives but the chief underlining similarities allows the species to assist one another advancement through the adversities faced in life. Otherwise every individual would merely decompose in the shadows of what they could hold been and what they wished they had done. By understanding the power plays with the supporters, it can be applied to heighten the developments of our ain characters and hopefully society. Word Count: 1320

The eNotes Blog Who is Edward Snowden and What Did HeDo

Who is Edward Snowden and What Did HeDo Some information for students (from a fellow student) to keep you up to date with this complicated current affair. There’s been a lot of talk going around about Edward Snowden and his disclosure of NSA information, but with the amount of commentary in the media, it’s difficult to figure out even some basic information. The purpose of this post is to answer some of the basic questions revolving around Snowden and the NSA. Who is Edward Snowden? Born on June 21, 1983 in Wilmington, North Carolina, Edward Joseph Snowden is soon to be thirty years old. He studied computing at Anne Arundel Community College, but illness left him unable to complete his coursework, leaving him without a high school diploma until the later completion of his GED. In 2011, he participated in an online program, working towards a Masters Degree with the University of Liverpool. Seven years earlier, in 2004, Snowden had enlisted in the US Army as a Special Forces recruit, but according to his own reports, was discharged four months later after breaking both his legs in a training accident. Snowden during an interview with Poitras and Greenwald. Snowden’s former positions include (in the order he held them):  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working for the NSA, he was a security guard for the Center for the Advanced Study of Language, a covert center.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He worked for the CIA in IT Security.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to his own reports, the CIA placed Snowden in Geneva under diplomatic cover in 2007, where he oversaw network security.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He reports leaving the CIA to work for a private contractor inside a US military base in Japan for the NSA.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Until recently, Snowden held a position as a system administrator inside the NSA for consulting company Booz Allen Hamilton in Hawaii. He held this position for under three months and was fired on June 10th after his media disclosures. What did Snowden disclose? Through the disclosure of documents and an arranged meeting in Hong Kong with reporter Glen Greenwald, of The Guardian, and documentary filmmaker Laura Poitras, Snowden revealed the following pieces of information: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A top secret order of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) that called for Verizon Communications to provide metadata (i.e. general data) for all telephone calls in the United States, including both local calls and calls made to other countries. This was released by The Guardian on June 5th. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Information about the NSA’s secret electronic surveillance program, PRISM, which is said to allow the NSA to access Internet traffic, including e-mail and web searches, in real-time. Both The Guardian and The Washington Post published this information on June 6th. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The existence of the Boundless Informant system, which, according to The Guardian, â€Å"details and even maps by country the voluminous amount of information [the NSA] collects from computer and telephone networks.† The Guardian reported on Boundless Informant on June 9th. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since 2009, the NSA has been hacking into computers in both China and Hong Kong. South China Morning Post published on this the morning of June 12th. The NSAs Prism program collects domestic internet data. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A British Intelligence Agency named the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) had intercepted communications from foreign politicians at the 2009 G-20 London Summit, an important discussion of financial markets and the world economy that took place in London in April of that year. This was circulated by The Guardian on June 17th. Why are the disclosed intelligence gathering practices an issue? There are several issues with the intelligence gathering practices employed by the NSA. First, the NSA is in charge of foreign intelligence. By law, it is not allowed to gather domestic information; domestic information gathering is the realm of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Moreover, the NSA has widely violated the Fourth Amendment by collecting information about individuals that is unlawful to access without a warrant. Finally, many have criticized the lack of transparency surrounding this issue. In an interview with The Guardian, Snowden expressed his belief that the NSA’s actions present a threat to the United States’ democracy: I think that the public is owed an explanation of the motivations behind the people who make these disclosures that are outside of the democratic model. When you are subverting the power of government, that’s a fundamentally dangerous thing to democracy.† (Snowden) He went on to express his interest in the country’s constitutional well-being, explaining to Greenwald that he is â€Å"no different from anybody else† in that he has no malintent for the country. â€Å"The public needs to decide whether these programs and policies are right or wrong, and I’m willing to go on the record to defend the authenticity of them,† Snowden added. â€Å"This is the truth. This is what’s happening. You should decide whether we need to be doing this.† What action can I take? If you want Snowden prosecuted, sit tight. The government is working on that as we speak. Though the NSA’s actions are considered unconstitutional by some, Snowden did technically break the law, so he is at risk of being prosecuted – and he is currently seeking asylum with the help of Julian Assange’s lawyers (Assange is the founder of WikiLeaks). If you would like to support Snowden you can†¦  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sign the WhiteHouse.gov petition to pardon Edward Snowden (below): https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/pardon-edward-snowden/Dp03vGYD  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Donate to the Progressive Change Campaign Committee’s fund for Snowden’s legal defense (below): https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/snowden?refcode=dailychange For further reading on Snowden, visit the links below: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden#Career More details about Snowden’s background and actions www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/julian-assange-were-helping-to-broker-edwards-snowdens-asylu Assange’s lawyers help Snowden seek asylum theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/06/why-should-we-even-care-if-the-government-is-collecting-our-data/276732/    Why Kafka is a better author than Orwell to describe the NSA’s actions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency What is the NSA and what is its job? dailykos.com/story/2013/06/16/1216554/-NEW-BREAKING-NSA-Illegal-Unconstitutional-Collection-of-Innocent-American-s-Complete-Digital-Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opinion piece on the NSA’s actions http://bleedingheartlibertarians.com/2013/03/tomasi-part-iii/ A blog post by Georgetown University professor Jason Brennan on ideal theory, constitutions, and social justice. ***EDIT***: I had previously written that the NSAs actions were unconstitutional. This was incorrect. While the NSA has gathered information about individuals without warrants, this information has, to my knowledge, been in the form of metadata, which according to Huffington Post contributor Bob Cescas post in The Daily Banter is encrypted and only decrypted when a warrant has been obtained. Cesca cites this as the reason for which the NSAs actions have not been found unconstitutional. Furthermore, I would like to note that according to Michael Cohen, of The Guardian, Snowden had access to several different avenues through which he could have voiced complaints about the NSAs actions. I find Cohens points on this matter compelling, and I believe they shed new light on the issue of Snowdens prosecution. I also find his points about counter-terrorism persuasive and important. Finally, I find it important to mention that while many have criticized a lack of transparency surrounding the NSA, the law which allows the NSA to collect intelligence in the way it has (which can be found in a link below) requires semi-annual reports to Congress. Furthermore, this law was passed by congressional bodies, so it does not represent a circumvention of the democratic process, as I had previously stated. Cohens article can be found here: guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/21/obama-national-security-state-rogue?INTCMP=SRCH Cescas article can be found here: http://thedailybanter.com/2013/06/greenwald-debunks-himself-nsa-targeting-of-a-u-s-citizen-requires-a-warrant/ Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008: intelligence.senate.gov/laws/pl110261.pdf Again, I apologize for the inaccuracy. :Cesca, Bob. Greenwald Debunks Himself, NSA Targeting of a US Citizen Requires a Warrant. TheDailyBanter.com. http://thedailybanter.com/2013/06/greenwald-debunks-himself-nsa-targeting-of-a-u-s-citizen-requires-a-warrant/. (accessed June 25, 2013). Cohen, Michael. Is Obama presiding over a national security state gone wrong? TheGuardian.com.  guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/21/obama-national-security-state-rogue?INTCMP=SRCH. (accessed June 25, 2013). Radack, Jesselyn. â€Å"NEW BREAKING NSA: Illegal, Unconstitutional Collection of Innocent Americans’ Complete Digital Data.† DailyKos.com. dailykos.com/story/2013/06/16/1216554/-NEW-BREAKING-NSA-Illegal-Unconstitutional-Collection-of-Innocent-American-s-Complete-Digital-Data. (accessed June 18, 2013). Snowden, Edward. Interview with Laura Poitras and Glenn Greenwald. The Guardian. 9 June 2013. guardian.co.uk/world/video/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edward-snowden-interview-video. Wikipedia, s.v. â€Å"National Security Agency,† accessed June 18, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency. Wikipedia, s.v. â€Å"Edward Snowden,† accessed June 18, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden#Career.